Resultado de la búsqueda
123 búsqueda de la palabra clave 'Globalization'



Título : Globalization and Standards : Issues and Challenges in Indian Business Tipo de documento: documento electrónico Autores: SpringerLink (Online service) ; Keshab Das Editorial: New Delhi : Springer India Fecha de publicación: 2014 Otro editor: Imprint: Springer Colección: India Studies in Business and Economics, ISSN 2198-0012 Número de páginas: XV, 300 p. 15 illus., 9 illus. in color Il.: online resource ISBN/ISSN/DL: 978-81-322-1994-1 Idioma : Inglés (eng) Palabras clave: Globalization Markets International economics Development Regional Spatial Economics Regional/Spatial Science Emerging Markets/Globalization Clasificación: 658 Empresas. Organización de empresas Resumen: The changes following more than two decades of economic reforms and globalization of the Indian economy – at state, corporate sector, and consumer level – raise interesting questions on the ways in which the stakeholders will continue to engage on the world stage, politically, socially and economically. One key feature of global trade over this period has been the growing importance of not only product standards but, importantly, labor, environmental, food safety and social standards. Being essentially a non-tariff barrier,standards have often become critical to market access and essential to sustained competitiveness. This has a clear impact on the manner in which both global and Indian business is conducted now and in the future. It also underlines the need for a new area of enquiry that addresses the following questions: How are the Indian public and private actors – the state, domestic firms, local consumers and society – influencing and being influenced by such standards? Do standards really matter in an overwhelmingly informal production sphere, with consumers deeply segmented on the basis of a highly skewed distribution of income and with the rural population becoming further marginalized? We have limited knowledge about the challenges faced and strategies pursued by these key domestic actors, both public and private. How have they been able to drive these processes and what are their implications for larger concerns with inequalities and the conditions of the poor? How does the omnipresent informality influence compliance, encourage multiple standards and affect the chances of addressing institutional dysfunctionality? What role does regulation play? These are some of the issues dealt with in the book, which has chapters focusing on aspects of specific sectors such as microfinance, pharmaceuticals, automobiles, tea trading, the role of the state and changing consumer influence Nota de contenido: Globalization and Standards: Concerns in a Large Transforming Economy, India -- Standards and Consumer Behaviour of the Rising Middle Class in India -- Impact of the Retail FDI Policy on Indian Consumers and the Way Forward -- Environmentally Sensitive Goods in India’s Trade: Emerging Challenges and Prospects -- Indian Microfinance and Codes of Conduct Regulation: A Critical Examination -- Automotive Industry Response to Its Global QMS Standard ISO/TS-16949 -- Regulatory Standards in Pharmaceuticals and Consumers: Missing Links -- Medical Consumption and Clinical Practice: India at the Crossroads -- From Reverse Engineering to Reverse Innovation: GPNs and the Emerging Powers -- Institutions and Innovation: A Study of ICT-MSMEs in India -- Promoting Cluster Development Through Decent Work: Case of the Surat Diamond Processing Cluster -- Regulating Industrialization through Public Action and Legal Intervention: Interpreting an On-going Experiment in Tamil Nadu -- Small Industry in India: Are CETPs an Appropriate Response towards Pollution Control? -- Has the Indian Tea Plantation Industry Weathered the Crisis during Reforms? -- India's Organic Guarantee System: Novelty or Facsimile? En línea: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1994-1 Link: https://biblioteca.cunef.edu/gestion/catalogo/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=36337 Globalization and Standards : Issues and Challenges in Indian Business [documento electrónico] / SpringerLink (Online service) ; Keshab Das . - New Delhi : Springer India : Imprint: Springer, 2014 . - XV, 300 p. 15 illus., 9 illus. in color : online resource. - (India Studies in Business and Economics, ISSN 2198-0012) .
ISBN : 978-81-322-1994-1
Idioma : Inglés (eng)
Palabras clave: Globalization Markets International economics Development Regional Spatial Economics Regional/Spatial Science Emerging Markets/Globalization Clasificación: 658 Empresas. Organización de empresas Resumen: The changes following more than two decades of economic reforms and globalization of the Indian economy – at state, corporate sector, and consumer level – raise interesting questions on the ways in which the stakeholders will continue to engage on the world stage, politically, socially and economically. One key feature of global trade over this period has been the growing importance of not only product standards but, importantly, labor, environmental, food safety and social standards. Being essentially a non-tariff barrier,standards have often become critical to market access and essential to sustained competitiveness. This has a clear impact on the manner in which both global and Indian business is conducted now and in the future. It also underlines the need for a new area of enquiry that addresses the following questions: How are the Indian public and private actors – the state, domestic firms, local consumers and society – influencing and being influenced by such standards? Do standards really matter in an overwhelmingly informal production sphere, with consumers deeply segmented on the basis of a highly skewed distribution of income and with the rural population becoming further marginalized? We have limited knowledge about the challenges faced and strategies pursued by these key domestic actors, both public and private. How have they been able to drive these processes and what are their implications for larger concerns with inequalities and the conditions of the poor? How does the omnipresent informality influence compliance, encourage multiple standards and affect the chances of addressing institutional dysfunctionality? What role does regulation play? These are some of the issues dealt with in the book, which has chapters focusing on aspects of specific sectors such as microfinance, pharmaceuticals, automobiles, tea trading, the role of the state and changing consumer influence Nota de contenido: Globalization and Standards: Concerns in a Large Transforming Economy, India -- Standards and Consumer Behaviour of the Rising Middle Class in India -- Impact of the Retail FDI Policy on Indian Consumers and the Way Forward -- Environmentally Sensitive Goods in India’s Trade: Emerging Challenges and Prospects -- Indian Microfinance and Codes of Conduct Regulation: A Critical Examination -- Automotive Industry Response to Its Global QMS Standard ISO/TS-16949 -- Regulatory Standards in Pharmaceuticals and Consumers: Missing Links -- Medical Consumption and Clinical Practice: India at the Crossroads -- From Reverse Engineering to Reverse Innovation: GPNs and the Emerging Powers -- Institutions and Innovation: A Study of ICT-MSMEs in India -- Promoting Cluster Development Through Decent Work: Case of the Surat Diamond Processing Cluster -- Regulating Industrialization through Public Action and Legal Intervention: Interpreting an On-going Experiment in Tamil Nadu -- Small Industry in India: Are CETPs an Appropriate Response towards Pollution Control? -- Has the Indian Tea Plantation Industry Weathered the Crisis during Reforms? -- India's Organic Guarantee System: Novelty or Facsimile? En línea: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1994-1 Link: https://biblioteca.cunef.edu/gestion/catalogo/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=36337 Ejemplares
Signatura Medio Ubicación Sub-localización Sección Estado ningún ejemplar Globalization of Financial Institutions / SpringerLink (Online service) ; Hasan Dincer ; Ümit Hacioglu (2014)
![]()
Título : Globalization of Financial Institutions : A Competitive Approach to Finance and Banking Tipo de documento: documento electrónico Autores: SpringerLink (Online service) ; Hasan Dincer ; Ümit Hacioglu Editorial: Cham : Springer International Publishing Fecha de publicación: 2014 Otro editor: Imprint: Springer Número de páginas: XV, 274 p. 9 illus Il.: online resource ISBN/ISSN/DL: 978-3-319-01125-7 Idioma : Inglés (eng) Palabras clave: Finance Globalization Markets Macroeconomics Finance, general Emerging Markets/Globalization Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics Clasificación: 658 Empresas. Organización de empresas Resumen: This peer-reviewed volume from the Society for the Study of Business and Finance, discusses current issues in globalization and financial system from an international political and economic perspective. Contemporary instruments and actors in the global financial system are specially analyzed and the discussion of managerial and financial issues of the global financial strategies offers novelty to readers and researchers in the field Nota de contenido: Section I: Globalization and Financial Crisis -- Section II: International Trade and Banking -- Section III: Financial Innovations and Regulations -- Section IV: Behavioral Finance and Risk Assessment En línea: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01125-7 Link: https://biblioteca.cunef.edu/gestion/catalogo/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35973 Globalization of Financial Institutions : A Competitive Approach to Finance and Banking [documento electrónico] / SpringerLink (Online service) ; Hasan Dincer ; Ümit Hacioglu . - Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer, 2014 . - XV, 274 p. 9 illus : online resource.
ISBN : 978-3-319-01125-7
Idioma : Inglés (eng)
Palabras clave: Finance Globalization Markets Macroeconomics Finance, general Emerging Markets/Globalization Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics Clasificación: 658 Empresas. Organización de empresas Resumen: This peer-reviewed volume from the Society for the Study of Business and Finance, discusses current issues in globalization and financial system from an international political and economic perspective. Contemporary instruments and actors in the global financial system are specially analyzed and the discussion of managerial and financial issues of the global financial strategies offers novelty to readers and researchers in the field Nota de contenido: Section I: Globalization and Financial Crisis -- Section II: International Trade and Banking -- Section III: Financial Innovations and Regulations -- Section IV: Behavioral Finance and Risk Assessment En línea: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01125-7 Link: https://biblioteca.cunef.edu/gestion/catalogo/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35973 Ejemplares
Signatura Medio Ubicación Sub-localización Sección Estado ningún ejemplar Globalization of Indian Industries / Filip de Beule ; SpringerLink (Online service) ; Krishnan Narayanan (2016)
![]()
Título : Globalization of Indian Industries : Productivity, Exports and Investment Tipo de documento: documento electrónico Autores: Filip de Beule ; SpringerLink (Online service) ; Krishnan Narayanan Editorial: Singapore : Springer Singapore Fecha de publicación: 2016 Otro editor: Imprint: Springer Colección: India Studies in Business and Economics, ISSN 2198-0012 Número de páginas: XIV, 210 p. 15 illus. in color Il.: online resource ISBN/ISSN/DL: 978-981-10-0083-6 Idioma : Inglés (eng) Palabras clave: Business International business enterprises Globalization Markets Industrial organization Economic policy and Management Emerging Markets/Globalization Organization R & D/Technology Policy Clasificación: 334.726 Empresas multinacionales Resumen: This book focuses on Indian manufacturing industries and analyses the impact of inward foreign direct investment on the domestic sector on the one hand, and exports and outward foreign direct investment by Indian companies on the other. Although the emphasis is mostly general, specific industries, such as the automotive industry or the wind energy sector are also explored. The differences between low and high technology industries are also addressed. In terms of theoretical setting and analysis, the book draws both from international business and industrial organization literature. The various characteristics of Indian industries, such as the determinants and impacts of R&D, the effects of spillovers, the drivers of productivity and technical efficiency are thoroughly researched employing appropriate quantitative methodologies that are relevant to the specific domain and topic under investigation. The book also focuses on the bearing of policy on promoting manufacturing industries in India and is therefore of interest to researchers, industrialists and policy makers alike Nota de contenido: Chapter 1. Globalization of Indian Industries: How to move forward? -- Chapter 2. Infrastructure, ICT and Firms' Productivity and Efficiency: An Application to the Indian Manufacturing -- Chapter 3. R&D spillovers across the supply chain: Evidence from the Indian automobile industry -- Chapter 4. Direction of Outward FDI of Indian Manufacturing Firms: Influence of Technology and Firm Productivity -- Chapter 5. Productivity heterogeneity and export market participation: A study of Indian -- Chapter 6. Exports and Participation in CDM in Technology Intensive Industries in India -- Chapter 7. Role of Technological and Knowledge Resources in a Firm's Decision to Export: The Case of Inward Oriented Indian Industries -- Chapter 8. FDI, Technological choices and Spillovers in Indian Manufacturing Industries -- Chapter 9. Does Feed-in-tariff explain foreign investment in Wind energy sector in India? En línea: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0083-6 Link: https://biblioteca.cunef.edu/gestion/catalogo/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=41232 Globalization of Indian Industries : Productivity, Exports and Investment [documento electrónico] / Filip de Beule ; SpringerLink (Online service) ; Krishnan Narayanan . - Singapore : Springer Singapore : Imprint: Springer, 2016 . - XIV, 210 p. 15 illus. in color : online resource. - (India Studies in Business and Economics, ISSN 2198-0012) .
ISBN : 978-981-10-0083-6
Idioma : Inglés (eng)
Palabras clave: Business International business enterprises Globalization Markets Industrial organization Economic policy and Management Emerging Markets/Globalization Organization R & D/Technology Policy Clasificación: 334.726 Empresas multinacionales Resumen: This book focuses on Indian manufacturing industries and analyses the impact of inward foreign direct investment on the domestic sector on the one hand, and exports and outward foreign direct investment by Indian companies on the other. Although the emphasis is mostly general, specific industries, such as the automotive industry or the wind energy sector are also explored. The differences between low and high technology industries are also addressed. In terms of theoretical setting and analysis, the book draws both from international business and industrial organization literature. The various characteristics of Indian industries, such as the determinants and impacts of R&D, the effects of spillovers, the drivers of productivity and technical efficiency are thoroughly researched employing appropriate quantitative methodologies that are relevant to the specific domain and topic under investigation. The book also focuses on the bearing of policy on promoting manufacturing industries in India and is therefore of interest to researchers, industrialists and policy makers alike Nota de contenido: Chapter 1. Globalization of Indian Industries: How to move forward? -- Chapter 2. Infrastructure, ICT and Firms' Productivity and Efficiency: An Application to the Indian Manufacturing -- Chapter 3. R&D spillovers across the supply chain: Evidence from the Indian automobile industry -- Chapter 4. Direction of Outward FDI of Indian Manufacturing Firms: Influence of Technology and Firm Productivity -- Chapter 5. Productivity heterogeneity and export market participation: A study of Indian -- Chapter 6. Exports and Participation in CDM in Technology Intensive Industries in India -- Chapter 7. Role of Technological and Knowledge Resources in a Firm's Decision to Export: The Case of Inward Oriented Indian Industries -- Chapter 8. FDI, Technological choices and Spillovers in Indian Manufacturing Industries -- Chapter 9. Does Feed-in-tariff explain foreign investment in Wind energy sector in India? En línea: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0083-6 Link: https://biblioteca.cunef.edu/gestion/catalogo/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=41232 Ejemplares
Signatura Medio Ubicación Sub-localización Sección Estado ningún ejemplar
Título : Globalization of Leadership Development : An Empirical Study of Impact on German and Chinese Managers Tipo de documento: documento electrónico Autores: Jingjing Wang ; SpringerLink (Online service) Editorial: Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Fecha de publicación: 2015 Otro editor: Imprint: Springer Gabler Colección: Internationale Wirtschaftspartner Número de páginas: XXXIV, 426 p. 40 illus Il.: online resource ISBN/ISSN/DL: 978-3-658-06864-6 Idioma : Inglés (eng) Palabras clave: Business Leadership Personnel management Globalization Markets and Management Human Resource Emerging Markets/Globalization Strategy/Leadership Clasificación: 658 Empresas. Organización de empresas Resumen: It is generally understood that some effective leadership behaviors of Chinese managers differ from those of Western managers. It has also been debated controversially whether Chinese learners can benefit from Western learning approaches. Taking these two aspects into consideration, Jingjing Wang examines whether a global leadership development program from Western countries has as much impact on Chinese managers as on Western managers. She conducts the empirical study within one global corporation originating from Germany and the data were collected from Germany and China. Based on the core results of the study, implications for the globalization of leadership development are discussed. Contents Effective Leadership and Cross-Cultural Variation German and Chinese Culture and Leadership Learning Approaches for Leadership Development Programs Impact of Leadership Development Programs Multi-Perspective Rating A Global Leadership Development Program Target Groups Researchers and students of business administration, management, psychology, adult education, and sociology Executives, coaches, trainers and consultants of leadership development in a global context The Author Dr. Jingjing Wang received her Ph.D. at the faculty Human Resources Management and Leadership at the University of Bayreuth. Currently she works as a trainer and consultant for the Corporate Academy of a car manufacturer in Stuttgart Nota de contenido: Effective Leadership and Cross-Cultural Variation -- German and Chinese Culture and Leadership -- Learning Approaches for Leadership Development Programs -- Impact of Leadership Development Programs -- Multi-Perspective Rating -- A Global Leadership Development Program En línea: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06864-6 Link: https://biblioteca.cunef.edu/gestion/catalogo/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35695 Globalization of Leadership Development : An Empirical Study of Impact on German and Chinese Managers [documento electrónico] / Jingjing Wang ; SpringerLink (Online service) . - Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden : Imprint: Springer Gabler, 2015 . - XXXIV, 426 p. 40 illus : online resource. - (Internationale Wirtschaftspartner) .
ISBN : 978-3-658-06864-6
Idioma : Inglés (eng)
Palabras clave: Business Leadership Personnel management Globalization Markets and Management Human Resource Emerging Markets/Globalization Strategy/Leadership Clasificación: 658 Empresas. Organización de empresas Resumen: It is generally understood that some effective leadership behaviors of Chinese managers differ from those of Western managers. It has also been debated controversially whether Chinese learners can benefit from Western learning approaches. Taking these two aspects into consideration, Jingjing Wang examines whether a global leadership development program from Western countries has as much impact on Chinese managers as on Western managers. She conducts the empirical study within one global corporation originating from Germany and the data were collected from Germany and China. Based on the core results of the study, implications for the globalization of leadership development are discussed. Contents Effective Leadership and Cross-Cultural Variation German and Chinese Culture and Leadership Learning Approaches for Leadership Development Programs Impact of Leadership Development Programs Multi-Perspective Rating A Global Leadership Development Program Target Groups Researchers and students of business administration, management, psychology, adult education, and sociology Executives, coaches, trainers and consultants of leadership development in a global context The Author Dr. Jingjing Wang received her Ph.D. at the faculty Human Resources Management and Leadership at the University of Bayreuth. Currently she works as a trainer and consultant for the Corporate Academy of a car manufacturer in Stuttgart Nota de contenido: Effective Leadership and Cross-Cultural Variation -- German and Chinese Culture and Leadership -- Learning Approaches for Leadership Development Programs -- Impact of Leadership Development Programs -- Multi-Perspective Rating -- A Global Leadership Development Program En línea: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06864-6 Link: https://biblioteca.cunef.edu/gestion/catalogo/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35695 Ejemplares
Signatura Medio Ubicación Sub-localización Sección Estado ningún ejemplar
Título : Between Globalization and Integration : The Europeanization of Romania Tipo de documento: documento electrónico Autores: Sebastian Vaduva ; SpringerLink (Online service) Editorial: Cham : Springer International Publishing Fecha de publicación: 2016 Otro editor: Imprint: Springer Colección: SpringerBriefs in Economics, ISSN 2191-5504 Número de páginas: XII, 106 p. 2 illus., 1 illus. in color Il.: online resource ISBN/ISSN/DL: 978-3-319-27009-8 Idioma : Inglés (eng) Palabras clave: Business Globalization Markets Public policy European Economic Community literature administration and Management Emerging Markets/Globalization Administration Integration Policy Clasificación: 658 Empresas. Organización de empresas Resumen: This volume focuses on the integration and globalization of Romania, a prominent emerging market in South-Eastern Europe and one of the major players in the securitization of the Black Sea and the Eastern European border, as both a part of NATO since 2004 and a fully integrated EU Member State since 2007. It will examine the challenges the country has faced in its progression from totalitarianism to democracy through several waves of reform intended to update and streamline its political and economic processes for success in the free-market capitalist arena. Having learned the hard way about some of the key aspects of public administration, Romania has learned a place for itself among the diverse global players of Europe and beyond. The first section reviews current perspectives on globalization and its impact in the late 20th century. It has "flattened" the Earth, generating better communication and exchanges than ever before, but also gathering a fair amount of criticisms from commentators seeing it as little else than neo-colonialism. Cooperative-administrative strategies are being suggested instead, in order for new public administration patterns to smoothly run in coordination with the globalized world. In the second section, the European Union is described as a complex multi-level socio-political entity, itself historically in turmoil over its own style of rule - e.g. hierarchy vs. coordination, integration vs. centralization, etc. - or even its own existence, as the European dream seemed to be losing steam with the general population of Europe several times in the previous century. Powers and responsibilities of the European institutions and agencies are also discussed. Thirdly, the recent history of Romania is approached from the Europeanization context, starting from its post-1989 days of confusion and of attempting to jumpstart democracy. Eventually, it has to undergo a series of reforms and internalize some principles fundamental to the EU in order for the much-awaited accession to occur and its multiple effects to start taking place. A country with a rich cultural heritage and straddling multiple socio-political axes, Romania has plenty more to offer in the new geostrategic, security and development contexts of the 21st-century Europe. As such, this volume provides inspiration for further research and practical application opportunities on topics of local, European and global significance Nota de contenido: Preface -- Chapter 1 The 21st Century and and the Expectations Placed upon Public Administration -- Chapter 2 The European Union: Amid Globalization and Integration -- Chapter 3 The Europeanization of Romania in the Globalization Context En línea: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27009-8 Link: https://biblioteca.cunef.edu/gestion/catalogo/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=41569 Between Globalization and Integration : The Europeanization of Romania [documento electrónico] / Sebastian Vaduva ; SpringerLink (Online service) . - Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer, 2016 . - XII, 106 p. 2 illus., 1 illus. in color : online resource. - (SpringerBriefs in Economics, ISSN 2191-5504) .
ISBN : 978-3-319-27009-8
Idioma : Inglés (eng)
Palabras clave: Business Globalization Markets Public policy European Economic Community literature administration and Management Emerging Markets/Globalization Administration Integration Policy Clasificación: 658 Empresas. Organización de empresas Resumen: This volume focuses on the integration and globalization of Romania, a prominent emerging market in South-Eastern Europe and one of the major players in the securitization of the Black Sea and the Eastern European border, as both a part of NATO since 2004 and a fully integrated EU Member State since 2007. It will examine the challenges the country has faced in its progression from totalitarianism to democracy through several waves of reform intended to update and streamline its political and economic processes for success in the free-market capitalist arena. Having learned the hard way about some of the key aspects of public administration, Romania has learned a place for itself among the diverse global players of Europe and beyond. The first section reviews current perspectives on globalization and its impact in the late 20th century. It has "flattened" the Earth, generating better communication and exchanges than ever before, but also gathering a fair amount of criticisms from commentators seeing it as little else than neo-colonialism. Cooperative-administrative strategies are being suggested instead, in order for new public administration patterns to smoothly run in coordination with the globalized world. In the second section, the European Union is described as a complex multi-level socio-political entity, itself historically in turmoil over its own style of rule - e.g. hierarchy vs. coordination, integration vs. centralization, etc. - or even its own existence, as the European dream seemed to be losing steam with the general population of Europe several times in the previous century. Powers and responsibilities of the European institutions and agencies are also discussed. Thirdly, the recent history of Romania is approached from the Europeanization context, starting from its post-1989 days of confusion and of attempting to jumpstart democracy. Eventually, it has to undergo a series of reforms and internalize some principles fundamental to the EU in order for the much-awaited accession to occur and its multiple effects to start taking place. A country with a rich cultural heritage and straddling multiple socio-political axes, Romania has plenty more to offer in the new geostrategic, security and development contexts of the 21st-century Europe. As such, this volume provides inspiration for further research and practical application opportunities on topics of local, European and global significance Nota de contenido: Preface -- Chapter 1 The 21st Century and and the Expectations Placed upon Public Administration -- Chapter 2 The European Union: Amid Globalization and Integration -- Chapter 3 The Europeanization of Romania in the Globalization Context En línea: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27009-8 Link: https://biblioteca.cunef.edu/gestion/catalogo/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=41569 Ejemplares
Signatura Medio Ubicación Sub-localización Sección Estado ningún ejemplar PermalinkTrade, Globalization and Development / SpringerLink (Online service) ; Rajat Acharyya ; Sugata Marjit (2014)
![]()
PermalinkPermalinkDevelopment and Sustainability / SpringerLink (Online service) ; Sarmila Banerjee ; Anjan Chakrabarti (2013)
![]()
PermalinkPermalink